Conceptual Design of Electrified Aircraft: A Practical Guide for Engineering Students and Practitioners
Abstract
Aircraft conceptual design traditionally relies on well-established handbooks and empirical methods developed for conventional fuel-based propulsion systems. However, the growing emphasis on sustainable aviation and the rapid development of hybrid-electric and fully-electric aircraft have introduced new challenges to this early stage of design. Existing literature and educational resources often lack accessible, structured guidance for beginners seeking to apply appropriate methods to electrified aircraft design. This paper presents a practical guide for the conceptual design and sizing of electrified aircraft, aimed at students and new practitioners. The work consolidates a range of low-fidelity methods from established handbooks and academic research, and includes references to higher-fidelity methods and industrial best practices. The paper includes an example of the design process of a hybrid-electric commuter aircraft, illustrating how to estimate parameters such as maximum take-off mass, wing area and installed power based on top-level aircraft requirements.
